{"id":9082,"date":"2022-03-28T14:53:17","date_gmt":"2022-03-28T11:53:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/old.lexist.com.tr\/?p=9082"},"modified":"2026-01-22T17:40:31","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T14:40:31","slug":"aym-ayrimcilik-yasagi-is-kanunu-sebepleriyle-sinirli-degil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lexist.com.tr\/tr\/yayinlar\/aym-ayrimcilik-yasagi-is-kanunu-sebepleriyle-sinirli-degil\/","title":{"rendered":"Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin, Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k Yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130\u015f Kanunu’nun Belirli Sebeplerle S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 Olamayaca\u011f\u0131na Dair Karar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin \u201cAyr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k Yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 5. Maddesi\u2019nde Say\u0131lan Sebepler \u0130le S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 Kalamayaca\u011f\u0131\u201d Y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki 28.12.2021 Tarihli ve 2016\/5824 Ba\u015fvuru Numaral\u0131 Karar\u0131, 27 Ocak 2022 Tarih ve 31732 Say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete\u2019de Yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, e\u015fitlik ilkesi, dar anlamda e\u015fit davranma borcu, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasa\u011f\u0131 ve ilgili yasal mevzuat kapsam\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu Anayasa Mahkemesi karar\u0131na dair de\u011ferlendirmelerimiz payla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

I. ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130\u2019N\u0130N 28.12.2021 TAR\u0130HL\u0130 VE 2016\/5824 BA\u015eVURU NUMARALI KARARINA KONU OLAYLAR VE BA\u015eVURU KONUSU<\/h3>\n

\u00d6zel bir \u015firkette i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ba\u015fvurucu, di\u011fer baz\u0131 kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardan farkl\u0131 olarak kre\u015f imk\u00e2n\u0131ndan yararland\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131 \u00f6denmesi ve \u00e7ocu\u011funun kre\u015fine \u00f6dedi\u011fi bedelin de tazmin edilmesi istemiyle dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f mahkemesi davay\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kabul ederek ba\u015fvurucuya tazminat \u00f6denmesine, yoksun kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar ile kre\u015fe \u00f6denen bedelin tazmini isteminin ise reddine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 temyizi \u00fczerine Yarg\u0131tay Dairesince (Daire) i\u015f mahkemesi karar\u0131, 4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nda say\u0131lan ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k temellerinden birinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispatlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle ba\u015fvurucu aleyhine bozulmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015f mahkemesi bozma karar\u0131na uyarak davay\u0131 reddetmi\u015f, bu karar Dairece onanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda ba\u015fvurunun konusu \u201cayn\u0131 i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan baz\u0131 kad\u0131nlara kre\u015f imkan\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131rken baz\u0131lar\u0131na bu imkan\u0131n tan\u0131nmamas\u0131 nedeniyle aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131 ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi\u201d iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n

II. \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 YASAL MEVZUAT<\/h3>\n

4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun E\u015fit davranma ilkesi ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 5. Maddesinin ilgili k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u201c\u0130\u015f ili\u015fkisinde dil, \u0131rk, renk, cinsiyet, engellilik, siyasal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, felsef\u00ee inan\u00e7, din ve mezhep ve benzeri sebeplere dayal\u0131 ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lamaz.
\u0130\u015fveren, esasl\u0131 sebepler olmad\u0131k\u00e7a tam s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7i kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda k\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iye, belirsiz s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7i kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda belirli s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iye farkl\u0131 i\u015flem yapamaz.
\u0130\u015fveren, biyolojik veya i\u015fin niteli\u011fine ili\u015fkin sebepler zorunlu k\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, bir i\u015f\u00e7iye, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda, \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda, uygulanmas\u0131nda ve sona ermesinde, cinsiyet veya gebelik nedeniyle do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 farkl\u0131 i\u015flem yapamaz.
\u2026\u0130\u015f ili\u015fkisinde veya sona ermesinde yukar\u0131daki f\u0131kra h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i, d\u00f6rt aya kadar \u00fccreti tutar\u0131ndaki uygun bir tazminattan ba\u015fka yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar\u0131n\u0131 da talep edebilir. 2821 say\u0131l\u0131 Sendikalar Kanununun 31 inci maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r.
20nci madde h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere i\u015fverenin yukar\u0131daki f\u0131kra h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i ispat etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak, i\u015f\u00e7i bir ihlalin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtimalini g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6steren bir durumu ortaya koydu\u011funda, i\u015fveren b\u00f6yle bir ihlalin mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olur.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun olay tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 m\u00fclga 88. Maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u201cGebe veya \u00e7ocuk emziren kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hangi d\u00f6nemlerde ne gibi i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasak oldu\u011fu ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda sak\u0131nca olmayan i\u015flerde hangi \u015fartlar ve usullere uyacaklar\u0131 ne suretle emzirme odalar\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m yurdu (kre\u015f) kurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi veya hangi hallerde d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan hizmet alabilecekleri Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131narak \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanacak bir y\u00f6netmelikle g\u00f6sterilir.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

M\u00fclga Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin \u201cOda ve Yurt A\u00e7ma Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 15. Maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u201cYa\u015flar\u0131 ve medeni halleri ne olursa olsun 100-150 kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan i\u015fyerlerinde bir ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bak\u0131lmas\u0131 ve emziren i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fitilmeleri i\u00e7in i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yerlerinden ayr\u0131 ve i\u015fyerine en \u00e7ok 250 metre uzakl\u0131kta bir emzirme odas\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 zorunludur.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

III. ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/h3>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nce yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede: mevzuat gere\u011fi i\u015fyerlerinde 150\u2019den \u00e7ok kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fverenlerin kre\u015f kurma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131nda olduklar\u0131, kre\u015ften yararlanma ailenin huzur ve refah\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi\u011finden 4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da ve ilgili Y\u00f6netmelik\u2019te d\u00fczenlenen kre\u015f imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun kre\u015f imk\u00e2n\u0131ndan yararland\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n, i\u015fverenin saikinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, farkl\u0131 muamele te\u015fkil etti\u011fi; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015fverenin, durumlar\u0131 benzer olan \u00e7ocuklu kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kre\u015f imk\u00e2n\u0131ndan yararland\u0131rma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya konuldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu do\u011frultuda, ba\u015fvuruya konu somut olay\u0131n farkl\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ve i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 muamelelerinin nesnel ve makul bir sebebe dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yerine getirilmemesi nedeni ile ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

IV. YARGITAY KARARLARI<\/h3>\n

Konu ile ilgili g\u00fcncel Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131nda genel itibari ile 4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 5. Maddesinde her durumda mutlak bir e\u015fit davranma borcunun d\u00fczenlenmedi\u011fi; i\u015fverenin her e\u015fit i\u015flem borcuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k hali i\u00e7in tazminat yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi, bu yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in maddede mutlak olarak belirtilen ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k nedenlerinden birinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n arand\u0131\u011f\u0131; farkl\u0131 davranman\u0131n dil, \u0131rk, cinsiyet, siyasal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, din, mezhep vb. sebeplere dayal\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddia ve ispat edilemeyen hallerde \u015fartlar\u0131 bulunmayan ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131n\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

V. SONU\u00c7<\/h3>\n

4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 5. Maddesi e\u015fit davranma ilkesi ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131makla birlikte, madde metninde say\u0131lan ve benzeri temellere dayal\u0131 ayr\u0131m yapmama borcu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu husus, i\u015fverenin e\u015fit davranma borcunun, dar (genel) anlamda e\u015fit davranma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ay\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasaklar\u0131ndan olmak \u00fczere iki birle\u015fenden olu\u015ftu\u011fu kanaatini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Ay\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasaklar\u0131 temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerle ili\u015fkili iken, dar anlamda e\u015fit davranma borcu daha \u00e7ok i\u015fverenin y\u00f6netim hakk\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu madde metninde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a i\u015f ili\u015fkisinde dil, \u0131rk, cinsiyet, siyasal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, felsefi inan\u00e7, din, mezhep ve benzeri sebeplerle ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ve benzeri temellere dayal\u0131 ay\u0131r\u0131m yapmama borcu ile belirli-belirsiz, k\u0131smi-tam s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fme t\u00fcrlerine dayal\u0131 ay\u0131r\u0131m yapmama borcu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f; i\u015fverenin dar anlamda e\u015fit davranma borcuna yer verilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu esaslardan hareketle Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131nda da i\u015fverenin dar anlamda e\u015fit davranma borcuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k hallerinde, ay\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131na h\u00fckmedilemeyece\u011fi kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 28.12.2021 Tarihli ve 2016\/5824 Ba\u015fvuru Numaral\u0131 Karar\u0131\u2019nda, farkl\u0131 muamelenin \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 5. Maddesi metninde belirtilen bir ay\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k temeline dayan\u0131p dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi sunucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 5. Maddesi\u2019nde say\u0131lan sebepler ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kal\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki geni\u015f yoruma dayal\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu karar, yasal mevzuat ve Yarg\u0131tay ilamlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131nda ayr\u0131k karar olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilecektir.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":26967,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[107],"class_list":["post-9082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yayinlar","tag-is"],"yoast_head":"\nAYM: Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k Yasa\u011f\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu Sebepleriyle S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 De\u011fil<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Anayasa Mahkemesi'nin 2021 tarihli karar\u0131: Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 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