{"id":9056,"date":"2022-04-20T11:32:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-20T08:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/old.lexist.com.tr\/?p=9056"},"modified":"2026-01-22T17:29:50","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T14:29:50","slug":"aym-belirsiz-alacak-davasi-reddi-adil-yargilanma-hakkini-ihlal-etti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lexist.com.tr\/tr\/yayinlar\/aym-belirsiz-alacak-davasi-reddi-adil-yargilanma-hakkini-ihlal-etti\/","title":{"rendered":"Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin, belirsiz alacak Davas\u0131n\u0131n Dava \u015eart\u0131 Eksikli\u011fi Nedeniyle Adil Yarg\u0131lanma Hakk\u0131’n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin Karar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin \u201cBelirsiz Alacak Davas\u0131n\u0131n Dava \u015eart\u0131 Yoklu\u011fundan Reddedilmesi Nedeniyle, Adil Yarg\u0131lanma Hakk\u0131 Kapsam\u0131ndaki Mahkemeye Eri\u015fim Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine\u201d Dair Karar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin \u201cBelirsiz Alacak Davas\u0131n\u0131n Dava \u015eart\u0131 Yoklu\u011fundan Reddedilmesi Nedeniyle, Adil Yarg\u0131lanma Hakk\u0131 Kapsam\u0131ndaki Mahkemeye Eri\u015fim Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine\u201d dair 22.02.2022 Tarihli Ve 2019\/ 12190 Ba\u015fvuru Numaral\u0131 Karar\u0131, 20 Nisan 2022 Tarih Ve 31815 Say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete\u2019 de Yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesi karar\u0131 i\u00e7in linke t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.resmigazete.gov.tr\/eskiler\/2022\/04\/20220420-5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, g\u00fcncel Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131 ve ilgili yasal mevzuat kapsam\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu Anayasa Mahkemesi karar\u0131na dair de\u011ferlendirmelerimiz payla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

I. ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130\u2019 N\u0130N 22.02.2022 TAR\u0130HL\u0130 VE 2019\/ 12190 BA\u015eVURU NUMARALI KARARINA KONU OLAYLAR VE BA\u015eVURU KONUSU<\/h3>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Belediyeden emekli olan ba\u015fvurucu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden kaynaklanan alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesi istemiyle Belediye aleyhine alacak davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu, davay\u0131 belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 olarak a\u00e7man\u0131n yan\u0131nda talep etti\u011fi tazminat miktar\u0131n\u0131 da, fazlaya ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131n\u0131 sakl\u0131 tutarak, 6.539,68 TL olarak g\u00f6stermi\u015f; davas\u0131n\u0131 \u0131slah ederek tazminat talebini 11.745,23 TL\u2019ye y\u00fckseltmi\u015ftir. Davaya bakmakla g\u00f6revli ve yetkili Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi davay\u0131 k\u0131smen kabul ederek ba\u015fvurucuya 8.827,97 TL tazminat \u00f6denmesine h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Belediye taraf\u0131ndan temyiz yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay 22. Hukuk Dairesi alaca\u011f\u0131n belirsiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul ederek ba\u015fvurucunun tam\/k\u0131smi alacak (genel eda) davas\u0131 a\u00e7mak yerine ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015fmadan belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131nda hukuki yarar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015f ve davan\u0131n usulden reddi gerekti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131 bozmu\u015ftur. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi bozma karar\u0131na uyarak ve bozma karar\u0131ndaki gerek\u00e7eyi benimseyerek hukuki yarar yoklu\u011fundan davay\u0131 usulden reddetmi\u015f ve karar Daire taraf\u0131ndan onanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda ba\u015fvurunun konusu \u201ci\u015f\u00e7ilik alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmemesinden dolay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan reddedilmesi nedeniyle mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi\u201d iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n

II. \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 YASAL MEVZUAT<\/h3>\n

6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019 nun Belirsiz Alacak Davas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 107. Maddesinin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131: \u201cMADDE 107- (1) Davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte alaca\u011f\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 yahut de\u011ferini tam ve kesin olarak belirleyebilmesinin kendisinden beklenemeyece\u011fi veya bunun imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011fu h\u00e2llerde, alacakl\u0131, hukuki ili\u015fkiyi ve asgari bir miktar ya da de\u011feri belirtmek suretiyle belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilir.\u201d \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n

Belirsiz alacak davas\u0131na ili\u015fkin 22\/7\/2020 tarihli 7251 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla yap\u0131lan son de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin gerek\u00e7esinde: \u201calacakl\u0131n\u0131n, yaln\u0131zca eda davas\u0131 veya yaln\u0131zca tespit davas\u0131 yahut k\u0131smi eda ile birlikte k\u00fclli tespit davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilme se\u00e7eneklerine sahip oldu\u011fu; hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn (Any.m.36, \u0130HAS.m.6) \u00f6z\u00fcnde varolan bu se\u00e7eneklerin, yasa veya i\u00e7tihat yoluyla yasaklanamayaca\u011f\u0131\u201d \u015feklindeki a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla, alaca\u011f\u0131n belirsiz olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili baz\u0131 kriterler kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 119. Maddesinde: \u201cdava dilek\u00e7esinde talep sonucunun eksik olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde h\u00e2kimin davac\u0131ya eksikli\u011fi tamamlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir haftal\u0131k kesin s\u00fcre verece\u011fi\u201d h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019 un 115. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda: \u201cdava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131 durumunda bunun tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kesin s\u00fcre verilece\u011fi ve bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderilmemi\u015fse davan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fu sebebiyle usulden reddedilece\u011fi\u201d belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 31. Maddesinde: \u201ch\u00e2kimin belirsiz veya \u00e7eli\u015fki g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klatma yetkisini haiz oldu\u011fu\u201d ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

III. ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/h3>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019 nce yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede: her ne kadar Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131nda belirsiz alacak davas\u0131nda talebin a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 sebebiyle 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 119. maddesi uyar\u0131nca hakim taraf\u0131ndan talep sonucundaki eksikli\u011fi tamamlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya s\u00fcre verilemeyece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015f ise de; davan\u0131n genel eda davas\u0131 olarak kabul\u00fc h\u00e2linde talep sonucunun eksik h\u00e2le gelece\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu, dava dilek\u00e7esinin d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u00e7in s\u00fcre verilmesinin ba\u015fvurucunun mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131ndan yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019 nce, h\u00e2kime HMK h\u00fck\u00fcmlerince yetkiler tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n, davac\u0131n\u0131n maddi hakk\u0131n\u0131n birtak\u0131m \u015fekil eksiklikleri sebebiyle usule feda edilmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi ve bu suretle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131ndan yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu; belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n somut olayda Dairenin kat\u0131 yorumu sebebiyle davac\u0131 aleyhine sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Netice olarak, davan\u0131n hukuki yarar yoklu\u011fundan reddi suretiyle mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalede, ba\u015fvurucunun mahkemeye eri\u015fimini imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131lan a\u011f\u0131r bir arac\u0131n tercih edilmesinin gereklilik \u015fart\u0131na uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131larak; mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

IV. YARGITAY KARARLARI<\/h3>\n

\u00d6ncelikle belirtmek gerekir ki; Yarg\u0131tay 22.Hukuk Dairesi, 02.09.2020 tarihinden itibaren ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu dairenin i\u015fleri 02.09.2020 tarihi itibariyle Yarg\u0131tay 9.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019ne devredilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu birle\u015ftirme sonras\u0131nda, Daireler aras\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu hususlar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve \u0130\u015f Hukuku alan\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli konuda uygulama farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 giderilerek \u201c\u0130\u00e7tihat Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi\u201d Ne Dair 41 \u0130lke Karar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 ile ilgili ilke karar\u0131nda: \u201c..davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte alaca\u011f\u0131n miktar\u0131 yahut de\u011feri belirlenebilir durumda ise, dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan davan\u0131n usulden reddine karar verilmelidir. Burada hukuki yarar eksikli\u011finin tamamlanabilir dava \u015fart\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 7251 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile 107. maddede yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler \u015fartlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde a\u00e7\u0131lan belirsiz alacak davas\u0131nda davac\u0131ya s\u00fcre verilerek hukuki yarar eksikli\u011fini tamamlama imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Dairemizce s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen d\u00fczenleme, \u015fartlar\u0131 mevcut olan belirsiz alacak davas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama ile alaca\u011f\u0131n belirli hale gelmesi durumunda h\u00e2kimin ge\u00e7ici talep sonucunu kesin talep sonucuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in alacakl\u0131ya s\u00fcre vermesi gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi taraf\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nce verilen kararlarda hukuki yarar yoklu\u011fu sebebiyle dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 davan\u0131n reddi kararlar\u0131 verilmedi\u011finden, ayn\u0131 Dairenin g\u00f6rev alan\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerden gelen dosyalarda birle\u015fme \u00f6ncesi uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00fcven duyularak a\u00e7\u0131lan davalarda ayn\u0131 Dairenin \u00f6nceki uygulamalar\u0131na devam edilecektir.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte birle\u015fmeden sonra belirlenen belirsiz alacak davas\u0131na dair yeni ilkelerin makul s\u00fcre sonra (hukuki g\u00fcvenlik\/ \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik, s\u00fcrpriz karar yasa\u011f\u0131 ilkeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde) uygulamaya konulmas\u0131 benimsenmi\u015f; 01.01.2021 tarihinden itibaren a\u00e7\u0131lan davalarda uygulanacak ilkeler, temel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

V. SONU\u00c7<\/h3>\n

Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, 6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 HMK ile birlikte, belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma imkan\u0131 tan\u0131nmak suretiyle belirsiz alacaklar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc geni\u015fletilmi\u015f; belirsiz alacak davas\u0131, alaca\u011f\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 ya da tutar\u0131n\u0131 dava a\u00e7arken belirlemenin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011fu hallerde, hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ba\u011fda\u015fmayan baz\u0131 durumlar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla hukukumuza d\u00e2hil edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan HMK m. 107 h\u00fckm\u00fcnde belirtilen ko\u015fullar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 \u015feklinde dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Hukuki yarar HMK madde 114 h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re dava \u015fart\u0131 te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda her ne kadar Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019 nce dava dilek\u00e7esinin d\u00fczeltilmesi ve y\u00f6ntemine uygun h\u00e2le getirilmesi i\u00e7in s\u00fcre verilmesinin tercih edilebilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f ise de; Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131nda \u015fartlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde a\u00e7\u0131lan belirsiz alacak davas\u0131nda davac\u0131ya s\u00fcre verilerek hukuki yarar eksikli\u011fini tamamlama imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":26904,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[97],"class_list":["post-9056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yayinlar","tag-uyusmazlik-cozumu"],"yoast_head":"\nAYM: Belirsiz Alacak Davas\u0131 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