1. Giri\u015f<\/h4><\/div>31 Temmuz 2026 tarihli ve 33326 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete \u2019de yay\u0131mlanan 7589 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131n\u0131n Etkin ve Verimli \u0130\u015flemesine Y\u00f6nelik Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun (\u201cKanun\u201d<\/strong>), kamuoyunda \u201c12. Yarg\u0131 Paketi\u201d olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\nKanun ile ba\u015fta 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu (\u201cHMK\u201d<\/strong>), 2577 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130dari Yarg\u0131lama Usul\u00fc Kanunu (\u201c\u0130YUK\u201d<\/strong>), 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu (\u201cCMK\u201d<\/strong>), 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu (\u201cTBK\u201d<\/strong>) ve 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu (\u201c\u0130\u0130K\u201d<\/strong>) olmak \u00fczere toplam on \u00fc\u00e7 kanunda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\nKanun\u2019un baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri 31 Temmuz 2026 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girerken baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in \u00f6zel y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck tarihleri ve ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00fczenlemeleri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu nedenle de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yaln\u0131zca i\u00e7eri\u011finin de\u011fil, devam eden veya yeni a\u00e7\u0131lacak dava ve takipler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hangi tarihten itibaren uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Kanun ile getirilen \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n
\n- Belirsiz alacak davas\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> d\u00fczenleyen HMK\u2019n\u0131n 107. maddesi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k k\u0131smi davalarda talebin tahkikat\u0131n sona ermesine kadar bir defaya mahsus olmak \u00fczere art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve art\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131m bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n dava tarihinden itibaren kesilmi\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n
- S\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle belirlenmemi\u015f kanuni faiz oran\u0131<\/strong>, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa vadeli kredi i\u015flemlerinde uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 reeskont oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131, d\u00f6nemsel olarak g\u00fcncellenebilen bir hesaplama y\u00f6ntemine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n
- \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fc kayb\u0131 ve destekten yoksun kalma tazminatlar\u0131nda<\/strong>, kazanc\u0131n bilindi\u011fi ve bilinemedi\u011fi d\u00f6nemler i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 faiz ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihleri kabul edilmi\u015f; tahkikat \u00f6ncesinde yap\u0131lan \u00f6demelerin oransal olarak mahsup edilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li>\n
- Hukuk yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda davalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin<\/strong> kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yolu yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f; b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemelerinin yeniden esas hakk\u0131nda verdi\u011fi kararlar\u0131n temyiz edilebilirli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yeni parasal \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
- \u0130dari yarg\u0131da tek h\u00e2kimle g\u00f6r\u00fclecek davalar\u0131n kapsam\u0131 geni\u015fletilmi\u015f,<\/strong> parasal s\u0131n\u0131r 486.000 T\u00fcrk liras\u0131na y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f ve b\u00f6lge idare mahkemelerinin istinaf incelemesi sonucunda dosyay\u0131 ilk derece mahkemesine g\u00f6nderebilece\u011fi h\u00e2ller s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6lge idare mahkemesinin ilk derece karar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rarak yeniden verdi\u011fi baz\u0131 kararlar temyize a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n
- Miras<\/strong> yoluyla edinilmi\u015f ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f yoluyla giderilmesinde ilk art\u0131rman\u0131n yaln\u0131zca malik miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f; elektronik sat\u0131\u015flarda teminat, teklif e\u015fikleri ve ihale bedelinin s\u00fcresinde \u00f6denmemesine ili\u015fkin yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
- H\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong> kurumu yeniden d\u00fczenlenerek HAGB kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf ve belirli h\u00e2llerde temyiz yolu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f; doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7una i\u015ftiraki belirli \u00f6deme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 veya hesap bilgilerinin verilmesiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan ki\u015filer bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ceza indirimi kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
- Kanun ayr\u0131ca duru\u015fmalar aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrenin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/strong> noterlik evrak\u0131n\u0131n elektronik ortamda g\u00f6nderilmesi, vesayet alt\u0131ndaki ki\u015filere ait mallar\u0131n elektronik sat\u0131\u015f yoluyla sat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve biyolojik inceleme verilerinin saklanmas\u0131 ve imhas\u0131 gibi farkl\u0131 alanlarda da d\u00fczenlemeler i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>
2. \u00d6ne \u00c7\u0131kan De\u011fi\u015fiklikler<\/h4><\/div>1. Belirsiz Alacak Davas\u0131n\u0131n Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (HMK m.107):<\/h5><\/div>Davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte alaca\u011f\u0131n miktar veya de\u011ferinin davac\u0131dan beklenemeyecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde belirlenemedi\u011fi ya da belirlenmesinin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011fu durumlarda, davac\u0131n\u0131n asgari bir miktar veya de\u011fer belirterek dava a\u00e7mas\u0131na imk\u00e2n sa\u011flayan ve uygulamada olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan belirsiz alacak davas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen HMK\u2019n\u0131n 107. maddesi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yeni d\u00fczenleme sonucunda, Kanun\u2019un y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle birlikte a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda HMK\u2019n\u0131n 107. maddesine dayal\u0131 olarak belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 1. maddesinin onuncu f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lan HMK\u2019n\u0131n 107. maddesi, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lma tarihinden \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f davalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulanmaya devam edecektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 31 Temmuz 2026 tarihinden \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f belirsiz alacak davalar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fmeyecek ve bu davalar \u00f6nceki d\u00fczenleme uyar\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n<\/div>
2. K\u0131smi Davada Talep Sonucunun Art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (HMK m.109)<\/h5><\/div>Belirsiz alacak davas\u0131n\u0131n hukuk sistemimizden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte ayr\u0131ca k\u0131smi davay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen HMK\u2019n\u0131n 109. maddesine eklenen d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra ile k\u0131smi dava bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Eklenen ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcm aynen;<\/p>\n
\n\u201c(4) Alaca\u011f\u0131n sadece bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n dava edildi\u011fi durumlarda talep konusu, ayn\u0131 davada bir defaya mahsus olmak \u00fczere iddian\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi yasa\u011f\u0131na tabi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n tahkikat\u0131n sona ermesine kadar art\u0131r\u0131labilir. Bu durumda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, art\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131m bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da dava tarihinden itibaren kesilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
Yeni d\u00fczenleme uyar\u0131nca, alaca\u011f\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n dava konusu edildi\u011fi h\u00e2llerde talep miktar\u0131, ayn\u0131 dava i\u00e7inde ve bir defaya mahsus olmak \u00fczere, iddian\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi yasa\u011f\u0131na tabi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n tahkikat\u0131n sona ermesine kadar art\u0131r\u0131labilecektir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fczenlemenin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri, art\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131m y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n da dava tarihinden itibaren kesilmi\u015f say\u0131lacak olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle d\u00fczenlemenin, belirsiz alacak davas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 korumay\u0131 k\u0131smi dava mekanizmas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece, alaca\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte belirlenemedi\u011fi veya davac\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc dava konusu etmeyi tercih etti\u011fi durumlarda, k\u0131smi dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve talebin tahkikat s\u00fcrecinde, \u0131slah hakk\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketmeksizin, art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>
3. Kanuni Faiz Oran\u0131n\u0131n Belirlenme Y\u00f6nteminin De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/h5><\/div>3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuni Faiz ve Temerr\u00fct Faizine \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesi de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle belirlenmemi\u015f kanuni faiz oran\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda yeni bir y\u00f6ntem benimsenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015ftirilen h\u00fck\u00fcm aynen;<\/p>\n
\n\u201c11\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu ile 13\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanununa g\u00f6re faiz \u00f6denmesi gereken hallerde, miktar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile tespit edilmemi\u015fse bu \u00f6deme y\u0131ll\u0131k, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n 31 Aral\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131sa vadeli kredi i\u015flemlerinde uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 reeskont oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde sekseni \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu reeskont oran\u0131, 30 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n 31 Aral\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc uygulanan reeskont oran\u0131ndan be\u015f puan veya daha \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ise, y\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda 30 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fc belirlenen oran\u0131n y\u00fczde sekseni ge\u00e7erli olur.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
Yeni d\u00fczenleme uyar\u0131nca, T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu veya T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda faiz \u00f6denmesi gereken ancak faiz oran\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2llerde uygulanacak kanuni faiz oran\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa vadeli kredi i\u015flemlerinde uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 reeskont oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak belirlenecektir.<\/p>\n
Takvim y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n 31 Aral\u0131k tarihinde ge\u00e7erli olan reeskont oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde sekseni uygulanacakt\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, 30 Haziran tarihindeki reeskont oran\u0131 ile \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n 31 Aral\u0131k tarihindeki oran aras\u0131nda be\u015f puan veya daha fazla fark bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, y\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda 30 Haziran tarihinde ge\u00e7erli olan reeskont oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde sekseni esas al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece kanuni faiz oran\u0131n\u0131n tek bir oran \u00fczerinden uygulanmas\u0131 yerine, piyasa ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak belirlenen ve gerekti\u011finde y\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fcncellenebilen bir hesaplama y\u00f6ntemine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fczenlemenin gerek\u00e7esinde, Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 22 Temmuz 2025 tarihli ve E.2024\/24, K.2025\/164 say\u0131l\u0131 iptal karar\u0131na i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. Anayasa Mahkemesi, borcun ge\u00e7 \u00f6denmesi nedeniyle paran\u0131n de\u011ferinde meydana gelen kayb\u0131 telafi edecek etkili bir mekanizman\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sorunlu g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yeni sistemle, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferinin korunmas\u0131 ile bor\u00e7lunun menfaatleri aras\u0131nda daha adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. (Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 22 Temmuz 2025 tarihli ve E.2024\/24, K.2025\/164 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nDe\u011fi\u015fiklik, \u00f6zellikle ticari alacaklar, tazminat talepleri, icra takipleri, dava kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve sulh hesaplamalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Uygulamada, ilgili y\u0131l\u0131n 31 Aral\u0131k ve 30 Haziran tarihlerindeki reeskont oranlar\u0131n\u0131n takip edilmesi ve alacak hesaplar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131l i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015febilecek kanuni faiz oran\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fcncellenmesi gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fczenleme 31 Temmuz 2026 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>4. Davalar\u0131n Birle\u015ftirilmesi ve Ayr\u0131lmas\u0131nda Kanun Yolu (HMK m. 166,168)<\/h5><\/div>HMK\u2019n\u0131n \u201cDavalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 166. Maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik aynen;<\/p>\n
\n\u201c\u0130lk davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkeme birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesinden itibaren bununla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\u015eeklindedir.<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikten \u00f6nceki d\u00fczenlemede, birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131n\u0131n ikinci davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan verilece\u011fi ve bu karar\u0131n di\u011fer mahkemeyi ba\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, HMK\u2019n\u0131n 168. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ilk derece mahkemelerince verilen birle\u015ftirme kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ancak esas h\u00fck\u00fcmle birlikte kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilmekteydi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilk davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkeme, hen\u00fcz kanun yolu denetiminden ge\u00e7memi\u015f birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131yla derh\u00e2l ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00e2le geliyor; birle\u015ftirme ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131laman\u0131n devam\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda etkili bi\u00e7imde incelenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmuyordu.<\/p>\n
31 Temmuz 2026 tarihli ve 33326 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete \u2019de yay\u0131mlanan 7589 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131n\u0131n Etkin ve Verimli \u0130\u015flemesine Y\u00f6nelik Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun (\u201cKanun\u201d<\/strong>), kamuoyunda \u201c12. Yarg\u0131 Paketi\u201d olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kanun ile ba\u015fta 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu (\u201cHMK\u201d<\/strong>), 2577 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130dari Yarg\u0131lama Usul\u00fc Kanunu (\u201c\u0130YUK\u201d<\/strong>), 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu (\u201cCMK\u201d<\/strong>), 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu (\u201cTBK\u201d<\/strong>) ve 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu (\u201c\u0130\u0130K\u201d<\/strong>) olmak \u00fczere toplam on \u00fc\u00e7 kanunda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kanun\u2019un baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri 31 Temmuz 2026 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girerken baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in \u00f6zel y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck tarihleri ve ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00fczenlemeleri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu nedenle de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yaln\u0131zca i\u00e7eri\u011finin de\u011fil, devam eden veya yeni a\u00e7\u0131lacak dava ve takipler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hangi tarihten itibaren uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n Kanun ile getirilen \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n Davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte alaca\u011f\u0131n miktar veya de\u011ferinin davac\u0131dan beklenemeyecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde belirlenemedi\u011fi ya da belirlenmesinin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011fu durumlarda, davac\u0131n\u0131n asgari bir miktar veya de\u011fer belirterek dava a\u00e7mas\u0131na imk\u00e2n sa\u011flayan ve uygulamada olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan belirsiz alacak davas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen HMK\u2019n\u0131n 107. maddesi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yeni d\u00fczenleme sonucunda, Kanun\u2019un y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle birlikte a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda HMK\u2019n\u0131n 107. maddesine dayal\u0131 olarak belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bununla birlikte Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 1. maddesinin onuncu f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lan HMK\u2019n\u0131n 107. maddesi, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lma tarihinden \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f davalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulanmaya devam edecektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 31 Temmuz 2026 tarihinden \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f belirsiz alacak davalar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fmeyecek ve bu davalar \u00f6nceki d\u00fczenleme uyar\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n<\/div> Belirsiz alacak davas\u0131n\u0131n hukuk sistemimizden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte ayr\u0131ca k\u0131smi davay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen HMK\u2019n\u0131n 109. maddesine eklenen d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra ile k\u0131smi dava bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Eklenen ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcm aynen;<\/p>\n \u201c(4) Alaca\u011f\u0131n sadece bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n dava edildi\u011fi durumlarda talep konusu, ayn\u0131 davada bir defaya mahsus olmak \u00fczere iddian\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi yasa\u011f\u0131na tabi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n tahkikat\u0131n sona ermesine kadar art\u0131r\u0131labilir. Bu durumda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, art\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131m bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da dava tarihinden itibaren kesilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n Yeni d\u00fczenleme uyar\u0131nca, alaca\u011f\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n dava konusu edildi\u011fi h\u00e2llerde talep miktar\u0131, ayn\u0131 dava i\u00e7inde ve bir defaya mahsus olmak \u00fczere, iddian\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi yasa\u011f\u0131na tabi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n tahkikat\u0131n sona ermesine kadar art\u0131r\u0131labilecektir.<\/p>\n D\u00fczenlemenin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri, art\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131m y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n da dava tarihinden itibaren kesilmi\u015f say\u0131lacak olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle d\u00fczenlemenin, belirsiz alacak davas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 korumay\u0131 k\u0131smi dava mekanizmas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n B\u00f6ylece, alaca\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte belirlenemedi\u011fi veya davac\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc dava konusu etmeyi tercih etti\u011fi durumlarda, k\u0131smi dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve talebin tahkikat s\u00fcrecinde, \u0131slah hakk\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketmeksizin, art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div> 3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuni Faiz ve Temerr\u00fct Faizine \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesi de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle belirlenmemi\u015f kanuni faiz oran\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda yeni bir y\u00f6ntem benimsenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n De\u011fi\u015ftirilen h\u00fck\u00fcm aynen;<\/p>\n \u201c11\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu ile 13\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanununa g\u00f6re faiz \u00f6denmesi gereken hallerde, miktar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile tespit edilmemi\u015fse bu \u00f6deme y\u0131ll\u0131k, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n 31 Aral\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131sa vadeli kredi i\u015flemlerinde uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 reeskont oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde sekseni \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu reeskont oran\u0131, 30 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n 31 Aral\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc uygulanan reeskont oran\u0131ndan be\u015f puan veya daha \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ise, y\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda 30 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fc belirlenen oran\u0131n y\u00fczde sekseni ge\u00e7erli olur.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n Yeni d\u00fczenleme uyar\u0131nca, T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu veya T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda faiz \u00f6denmesi gereken ancak faiz oran\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2llerde uygulanacak kanuni faiz oran\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa vadeli kredi i\u015flemlerinde uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 reeskont oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak belirlenecektir.<\/p>\n Takvim y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n 31 Aral\u0131k tarihinde ge\u00e7erli olan reeskont oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde sekseni uygulanacakt\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, 30 Haziran tarihindeki reeskont oran\u0131 ile \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n 31 Aral\u0131k tarihindeki oran aras\u0131nda be\u015f puan veya daha fazla fark bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, y\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda 30 Haziran tarihinde ge\u00e7erli olan reeskont oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde sekseni esas al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n B\u00f6ylece kanuni faiz oran\u0131n\u0131n tek bir oran \u00fczerinden uygulanmas\u0131 yerine, piyasa ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak belirlenen ve gerekti\u011finde y\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fcncellenebilen bir hesaplama y\u00f6ntemine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n D\u00fczenlemenin gerek\u00e7esinde, Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 22 Temmuz 2025 tarihli ve E.2024\/24, K.2025\/164 say\u0131l\u0131 iptal karar\u0131na i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. Anayasa Mahkemesi, borcun ge\u00e7 \u00f6denmesi nedeniyle paran\u0131n de\u011ferinde meydana gelen kayb\u0131 telafi edecek etkili bir mekanizman\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sorunlu g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yeni sistemle, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferinin korunmas\u0131 ile bor\u00e7lunun menfaatleri aras\u0131nda daha adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. (Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 22 Temmuz 2025 tarihli ve E.2024\/24, K.2025\/164 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n De\u011fi\u015fiklik, \u00f6zellikle ticari alacaklar, tazminat talepleri, icra takipleri, dava kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve sulh hesaplamalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Uygulamada, ilgili y\u0131l\u0131n 31 Aral\u0131k ve 30 Haziran tarihlerindeki reeskont oranlar\u0131n\u0131n takip edilmesi ve alacak hesaplar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131l i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015febilecek kanuni faiz oran\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fcncellenmesi gerekecektir.<\/p>\n D\u00fczenleme 31 Temmuz 2026 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> HMK\u2019n\u0131n \u201cDavalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 166. Maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik aynen;<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130lk davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkeme birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesinden itibaren bununla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n \u015eeklindedir.<\/p>\n De\u011fi\u015fiklikten \u00f6nceki d\u00fczenlemede, birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131n\u0131n ikinci davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan verilece\u011fi ve bu karar\u0131n di\u011fer mahkemeyi ba\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, HMK\u2019n\u0131n 168. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ilk derece mahkemelerince verilen birle\u015ftirme kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ancak esas h\u00fck\u00fcmle birlikte kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilmekteydi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilk davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkeme, hen\u00fcz kanun yolu denetiminden ge\u00e7memi\u015f birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131yla derh\u00e2l ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00e2le geliyor; birle\u015ftirme ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131laman\u0131n devam\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda etkili bi\u00e7imde incelenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmuyordu.<\/p>\n\n
2. \u00d6ne \u00c7\u0131kan De\u011fi\u015fiklikler<\/h4><\/div>
1. Belirsiz Alacak Davas\u0131n\u0131n Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (HMK m.107):<\/h5><\/div>
2. K\u0131smi Davada Talep Sonucunun Art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (HMK m.109)<\/h5><\/div>
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3. Kanuni Faiz Oran\u0131n\u0131n Belirlenme Y\u00f6nteminin De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/h5><\/div>
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4. Davalar\u0131n Birle\u015ftirilmesi ve Ayr\u0131lmas\u0131nda Kanun Yolu (HMK m. 166,168)<\/h5><\/div>
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