{"id":16569,"date":"2023-10-03T16:36:35","date_gmt":"2023-10-03T13:36:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/old.lexist.com.tr\/?p=16569"},"modified":"2026-06-15T10:58:16","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T07:58:16","slug":"silahlarin-esitligi-ilkesinin-ihlali-karari-anayasa-mahkemesi-2020-34667","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lexist.com.tr\/tr\/yayinlar\/silahlarin-esitligi-ilkesinin-ihlali-karari-anayasa-mahkemesi-2020-34667\/","title":{"rendered":"Silahlar\u0131n E\u015fitli\u011fi \u0130lkesinin \u0130hlali Karar\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesi – 2020\/34667"},"content":{"rendered":"

Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin, 2020\/34667 say\u0131l\u0131 ve 3 Ekim 2023 tarihli Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan karar\u0131 ile \u201cdeliller de\u011ferlendirilirken kolluk tutana\u011f\u0131na aksi ispat edilemeyecek seviyede \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131, d\u00fczenlenen tutana\u011f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi karinesi aksi ispat edilebilir nitelikte olsa da ba\u015fvurucunun bunun aksini ispatlamak i\u00e7in ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddia ve itirazlar\u0131n Hakimlik\u00e7e de\u011ferlendirmeye bile al\u0131nmamas\u0131 nedeniyle adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki \u201csilahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi\u201d ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fine.\u201d karar verildi.<\/p>\n

YARGILAMA S\u00dcREC\u0130 VE BA\u015eVURU KONUSU<\/h3>\n

Ba\u015fvurucu, Ankara Trafik Denetleme \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan kontrollerde kandaki alkol miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen cihaz\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla 3.804 TL idari para cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015fvurucunun s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc belgesine iki y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle el konulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fvurucu, idari para cezas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Ankara 8. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fine (H\u00e2kimlik) itiraz etmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu; itiraz dilek\u00e7esinde trafik denetimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda arac\u0131n\u0131n durduruldu\u011funu ve trafik ekiplerince alkol \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm cihaz\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcflemesinin istendi\u011fini, bu cihaza \u00fc\u00e7 kez \u00fcflemesine ra\u011fmen cihaz\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm cihaz\u0131nda bir hata oldu\u011funu, ayn\u0131 zamanda alkoll\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6revlilere bildirmesine ra\u011fmen kendisine idari para cezas\u0131 uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

H\u00e2kimlik 15\/5\/2020 tarihli kararla itiraz\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir. H\u00e2kimlik; ba\u015fvurucunun itiraz dilek\u00e7esi ile ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc beyanlar\u0131n yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi, aksi sabit oluncaya kadar ge\u00e7erli olan Trafik \u0130dari Para Cezas\u0131 Karar Tutana\u011f\u0131’ndaki tespite kar\u015f\u0131 yeterli ve ge\u00e7erli belge sunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130dari Para Cezas\u0131 Karar Tutana\u011f\u0131 ve S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc Belgesi Geri Alma Tutana\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n hukuka uygun oldu\u011fu, dilek\u00e7e ekinde ibraz edilen belgelerin trafik kural ihlalinin aksini ispatlar nitelikte bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Trafik \u0130dari Para Cezas\u0131 Karar Tutana\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n resm\u00ee evrak niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7eleriyle itiraz\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/h3>\n

Ba\u015fvurucu, H\u00e2kimli\u011fin delilleri incelemeden, dosya \u00fczerinden ve kolluk tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 mutlak do\u011fru kabul ederek karar verdi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fvurucuya g\u00f6re H\u00e2kimli\u011fin kolluk tutana\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmas\u0131 ve bu \u015fekilde ispat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn ters \u00e7evrilmesi hukuk devleti ilkesini zedelemektedir. Ba\u015fvurucu, aksi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn silahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesini ihlal edece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f; polis tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aksini ortaya koyacak belgelerin ve kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n H\u00e2kimlik taraf\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yak\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvuru, masumiyet karinesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda silahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesi kapsam\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan silahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi, deliller de\u011ferlendirilirken kolluk tutana\u011f\u0131na aksi ispat edilemeyecek seviyede \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131 hususuyla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak e\u015fitlik ilkesine ili\u015fkin ilgili hukuka ve genel ilkelere Gurbet \u00c7oban (B. No: 2019\/38857, 17\/11\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 17-39) karar\u0131nda yer vermi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re Mahkemeden ba\u015fvurucunun iddia ve itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almas\u0131, bunlar\u0131 ilgili ve yeterli gerek\u00e7e ile kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131, bu iddialarda da yeterli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u015fans tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymas\u0131 beklenmektedir. \u0130dari i\u015flemlerin ve bu ba\u011flamda kamu ajanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen tutanaklar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finin hukuka\/ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygunluk karinesinden yararlanaca\u011f\u0131 hukukun bilinen bir ilkesi olmakla birlikte idari i\u015flemin hukukili\u011finin veya tutana\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finin ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin dava konusu edildi\u011fi bir yarg\u0131lamada h\u00e2kimin de\u011finilen karineyi uygulamas\u0131 bu davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 anlams\u0131z h\u00e2le getirecektir. \u0130dare taraf\u0131ndan tanzim edilen belgelerin i\u00e7eri\u011finin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi karinesinin yarg\u0131laman\u0131n sonucu y\u00f6n\u00fcnden belirleyici olmas\u0131 bireyi devlete kar\u015f\u0131 dezavantajl\u0131 bir konuma sokaca\u011f\u0131ndan silahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesini zedeleyebilece\u011fi gibi su\u00e7 isnad\u0131yla ilgili yarg\u0131lama s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda masumiyet karinesini de ihlal edebilecektir (Gurbet \u00c7oban, \u00a7 44).<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fvurucuya isnat edilen alkol \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm cihaz\u0131n\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 kabul etmeme eylemi, kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen tutana\u011fa dayan\u0131larak delillendirilmi\u015ftir. H\u00e2kimlik de itiraz\u0131 reddederken aksi sabit oluncaya kadar ge\u00e7erli Trafik \u0130dari Para Cezas\u0131 Karar Tutana\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n aksine yeterli ve ge\u00e7erli belge sunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu ise bu tutana\u011f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fiyle \u00e7eli\u015fen, g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fine \u015f\u00fcphe d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren \u00e7e\u015fitli iddialar \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak H\u00e2kimlik bu iddialar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeksizin ba\u015fvurucunun tutana\u011f\u0131n aksini ispatlayacak delil g\u00f6steremedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00e2kimli\u011fin bu de\u011ferlendirmesi ispat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc ters \u00e7evirecek mahiyettedir. Ku\u015fkusuz adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 su\u00e7 isnad\u0131yla ilgili yarg\u0131lamalarda bile mahkemelerin fiil\u00ee ve hukuki karinelere dayanmas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle yasaklamamaktad\u0131r. Ancak su\u00e7 isnad\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir yarg\u0131lamada karinenin adil yarg\u0131lama hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmemesi i\u00e7in karineyle ki\u015finin otomatik olarak su\u00e7lu ilan edilmemesi, bu ba\u011flamda karinenin aksinin ispat edilebilir nitelikte olmas\u0131 ve ba\u015fvurucunun karinenin aksini ispatlama gayesiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama ve sundu\u011fu delillerin mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan titizlikle ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir (Gurbet \u00c7oban, \u00a7 47).<\/p>\n

Olayda ba\u015fvurucunun ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ilgisiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu manada ba\u015fvurucunun kolluk g\u00f6revlilerince alkol \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm cihaz\u0131 ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yap\u0131lmak istenmesine ra\u011fmen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yap\u0131lmas\u0131na izin vermedi\u011fi olgusunu kabul etmedi\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek gerekir. Nitekim ba\u015fvurucu, cihaza \u00fc\u00e7 defa \u00fcflemesine ra\u011fmen cihaz\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, alkol \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm cihaz\u0131n\u0131n bozuk ya da kalibrasyonunda sorun olabilece\u011fini, cihaz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yapmay\u0131nca sinirleri bozulup g\u00fclmesi nedeniyle kolluk g\u00f6revlilerince cihaz\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutanak tutuldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015ftir. H\u00e2kimli\u011fin ba\u015fvurucunun an\u0131lan iddias\u0131yla ilgili olarak bir de\u011ferlendirme yapmamas\u0131n\u0131n maddi olay\u0131n tespiti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir eksiklik oldu\u011fu vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvurucunun olay saatinden 36 dakika sonra hastanede yap\u0131lan alkol \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcnde alkoll\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde ba\u015fvurucunun belirtilen iddialar\u0131n\u0131n tutana\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine ve itibar edilebilirli\u011fine g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecek ve H\u00e2kimli\u011fin a\u00e7\u0131k yan\u0131t vermesini gerektirecek mahiyette oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu ko\u015fullarda H\u00e2kimli\u011fin olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131yla ilgili olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u015f\u00fcpheleri da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in tutanak m\u00fcmzilerini ve varsa di\u011fer olay tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 dinlemesi, e\u011fer temin edilebiliyorsa kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesi, alkol \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm cihaz\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kalibrasyonu hakk\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a etkili olacakken H\u00e2kimli\u011fin bu y\u00f6nde bir ad\u0131m atmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

SONU\u00c7<\/h3>\n

Kamu g\u00f6revlilerince d\u00fczenlenen tutana\u011f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi karinesi aksi ispat edilebilir nitelikte olsa da ba\u015fvurucunun bunun aksini ispatlamak i\u00e7in ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddia ve itirazlar\u0131n H\u00e2kimlik\u00e7e de\u011ferlendirmeye bile al\u0131nmamas\u0131 sebebiyle somut olaydaki uygulanma tarz\u0131 itibar\u0131yla karinenin ba\u015fvurucuyu otomatik olarak kabahatli h\u00e2le getirdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucuya savunma imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ise de H\u00e2kimli\u011fin kamu g\u00f6revlilerince d\u00fczenlenen tutana\u011fa \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131yan yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun savunma yapmas\u0131n\u0131 anlams\u0131z h\u00e2le getirmi\u015f ve ba\u015fvurucuyu kamu otoritesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dezavantajl\u0131 konuma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu durumda ba\u015fvurucunun itiraz\u0131n\u0131n kamu g\u00f6revlilerince d\u00fczenlenen tutanaklar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi karinesine dayal\u0131 olarak reddedilmesinin ba\u015fvurucunun savunmalar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7 irdelenmedi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde silahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesini ihlal etti\u011fi kanaatine var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki silahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi karar\u0131 i\u00e7in linke t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z:
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