{"id":10270,"date":"2022-07-30T11:40:43","date_gmt":"2022-07-30T08:40:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/old.lexist.com.tr\/?p=10270"},"modified":"2026-01-22T16:47:32","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T13:47:32","slug":"markalarin-benzerlik-inceleme-kriterleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lexist.com.tr\/tr\/yayinlar\/markalarin-benzerlik-inceleme-kriterleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Markalar\u0131n Benzerlik \u0130nceleme Kriterleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Markalar\u0131n Benzerlik \u0130nceleme Kriterleri<\/h3>\n

Marka genel tan\u0131m\u0131yla, bir te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn mallar\u0131n\u0131n veya hizmetlerinin di\u011fer te\u015febb\u00fcslerin mallar\u0131ndan veya hizmetlerinden ay\u0131rt edilmesini sa\u011flayan i\u015faretlerdir.<\/p>\n

S\u0131nai M\u00fclkiyet Kanunu\u2019nun (SMK) 4. maddesinde hangi i\u015faretlerin markay\u0131 olu\u015fturabilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re marka, bir te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn mallar\u0131n\u0131n veya hizmetlerinin di\u011fer te\u015febb\u00fcslerin mallar\u0131ndan veya hizmetlerinden ay\u0131rt edilmesini sa\u011flamas\u0131 ve marka sahibine sa\u011flanan koruman\u0131n konusunun a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilecek \u015fekilde sicilde g\u00f6sterilebilir olmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131yla ki\u015fi adlar\u0131 d\u00e2hil s\u00f6zc\u00fckler, \u015fekiller, renkler, harfler, say\u0131lar, sesler ve mallar\u0131n veya ambalajlar\u0131n\u0131n bi\u00e7imi olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcr i\u015faretten olu\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n

Marka, i\u015fletmelerin birbirinden ay\u0131rt edilmesini ve olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 itibar sayesinde t\u00fcketicilerin kendilerini tercih etmelerini sa\u011flayan ara\u00e7lard\u0131r. Bu sebeple benzerlik incelemesi olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir ancak SMK\u2019da marka olabilecek i\u015faretleri d\u00fczenlemi\u015f olsa da markalar aras\u0131ndaki olabilecek benzerlik kriterleri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple markalar aras\u0131nda benzerlik incelemesi, yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Marka ve Patent Kurumunun (TPMK) yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u2018\u2019Marka \u0130nceleme K\u0131lavuzu\u2019\u2019 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.[1]<\/p>\n

Marka benzerli\u011fi \u2018\u2019ayniyet\u2019\u2019 ve \u2018\u2019ayniyete yak\u0131nl\u0131k\u2019\u2019 \u015feklinde olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131l\u0131k De\u011ferlendirmesi<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Markalar\u0131n ayn\u0131 kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in, markalar\u0131 olu\u015fturan unsurlar\u0131n tamamen ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekir. Markalar\u0131 olu\u015fturan t\u00fcm unsurlar ayn\u0131 iken, bunlar\u0131n boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131 veya kelime markalar\u0131nda yaz\u0131 karakterinin, renginin farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131, markalar\u0131n ayn\u0131 olarak kabul edilmesi durumunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmez.<\/li>\n
  2. Markalar\u0131n kelime unsurlar\u0131 ayn\u0131, markalar\u0131n en az birisinde yer alan \u015fekil unsuru farkl\u0131 ise markalar ayn\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmez, ay\u0131rt edilemeyecek kadar benzerlik incelemesine ge\u00e7ilir.<\/li>\n
  3. Markalar\u0131n kelime ve\/veya \u015fekil unsurlar\u0131 ayn\u0131, markalar\u0131n en az birisinde yer alan tali unsurlar farkl\u0131 ise markalar ayn\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmez, ay\u0131rt edilemeyecek kadar benzerlik incelemesine ge\u00e7ilir.<\/li>\n
  4. Markalar\u0131n t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 iken, bu unsurlar\u0131n markalardaki yerlerinin, konumland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, markalar ayn\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmez, ay\u0131rt edilemeyecek kadar benzerlik incelemesine ge\u00e7ilir.<\/li>\n
  5. Markalar\u0131n t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131, bu unsurlar\u0131n markalardaki yerleri ve s\u0131ralamas\u0131 ayn\u0131 olsa dahi kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaya konu markalarda bask\u0131n unsurlar\u0131n farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, markalar ayn\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmez, ay\u0131rt edilemeyecek kadar benzerlik incelemesine ge\u00e7ilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ay\u0131rt Edilmeyecek Kadar Benzerlik (Ayniyete Yak\u0131nl\u0131k) De\u011ferlendirmesi<\/h4>\n

    Ay\u0131rt edilemeyecek kadar benzerlik durumunda, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan i\u015faretler ayn\u0131 olmamakla birlikte, bunlar\u0131n ortalama d\u00fczeydeki t\u00fcketiciler \u00fczerinde b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 genel izlenimleri hemen hemen ayn\u0131d\u0131r.
    Bu hususta Yarg\u0131tay 11.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 2020\/1667 E. 2021\/1538 K. Say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:
    \u201c\u2026T\u00fcm dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re; ba\u015fvuru markas\u0131 ile redde mesnet markada yer alan s\u00f6zc\u00fck unsurlar\u0131 birebir ayn\u0131 olup, ba\u015fvuruda farkl\u0131 olarak yer verilenin yaln\u0131zca uydu \u015fekli oldu\u011fu, an\u0131lan farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ba\u015fvuruya 556 Say\u0131l\u0131 KHK\u2019n\u0131n 7\/1-b maddesi anlam\u0131nda yeterli ay\u0131rt edicili\u011fi sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dava konusu ba\u015fvuru ile redde mesnet marka i\u015faretleri aras\u0131nda 556 Say\u0131l\u0131 KHK\u2019n\u0131n 7\/1-b maddesi anlam\u0131nda ay\u0131rt edilemeyecek derecede benzerli\u011fin bulundu\u011fu, ba\u015fvuru kapsam\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u201cHaber ajans\u0131 hizmetleri\u201d, redde mesnet markan\u0131n kapsam\u0131nda aynen yer almakta olup, marka kapsamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ayniyet bulundu\u011fundan, somut olayda 556 Say\u0131l\u0131 KHK\u2019n\u0131n 7\/1-b maddesi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi, dava konusu ba\u015fvuruda, davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceki markalar\u0131ndaki asli unsurun muhafaza edildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemeyece\u011finden bu iddia yerinde de\u011fildir.\u201d[2]<\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesi 12.10.2010 tarihli, 2008\/14092 E. 2010\/10118 K. say\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7tihad\u0131 ile 5\/1(\u00e7) bendinin uygulama kapsam\u0131n\u0131 belirlemi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n bu karar\u0131nda belirtti\u011fi prensipler, hem Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n bir\u00e7ok karar\u0131nda hem de \u0130lk Derece Mahkemelerinin kararlar\u0131nda emsal olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Yarg\u0131tay, ay\u0131rt edilemeyecek kadar benzerlik sonucuna ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan i\u015faretlerin bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak t\u00fcketici kitlesi nezdinde b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 izlenimin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan markalar\u0131n grafik tasar\u0131mdan olu\u015fan \u015fekil ve kelime unsurlar\u0131yla birlikte karma nitelikleri, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f, yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fczenleni\u015f bi\u00e7imleri itibar\u0131yla b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 genel izlenim de\u011ferlendirmeye al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve bu genel izlenim sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan benzerli\u011fin de ayr\u0131ca kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma ihtimali de\u011ferlendirmesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gereksiz k\u0131lacak derecede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 aranmal\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi halde SMK m. 5\/1(\u00e7) anlam\u0131nda bir ret gerek\u00e7esi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ay\u0131rt edilemeyecek kadar benzerlikten s\u00f6z konusu olabilmesi i\u00e7in, ilgili t\u00fcketici taraf\u0131ndan, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaya konu i\u015faretler aras\u0131nda herhangi bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmeksizin a\u00e7\u0131k ve net bi\u00e7imde benzerli\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ay\u0131rt edilemeyecek kadar benzerlik de\u011ferlendirmesinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan markalar\u0131n;<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u015eekil ve ibareden olu\u015fan karma nitelikleri,<\/li>\n
    2. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f, yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fczenleni\u015f bi\u00e7imlerine g\u00f6re b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 genel izlenimleri dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n

      Markalar\u0131n, m\u00fcstakil olarak tescil edilebilmeleri i\u00e7in bir te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn mallar\u0131n\u0131n veya hizmetlerinin di\u011fer te\u015febb\u00fcslerin mallar\u0131ndan veya hizmetlerinden ay\u0131rt edilmesini sa\u011flamas\u0131 ve marka sahibine sa\u011flanan koruman\u0131n konusunun a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilecek \u015fekilde sicilde g\u00f6sterilebilir olmas\u0131 gerekmekteyse de ayn\u0131 zamanda TPMK\u2019n\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu benzerlik incelemesinden de ge\u00e7meleri gerekir.<\/p>\n

      TPMK\u2019n\u0131n yukar\u0131da ifade etmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz ancak bunlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan benzerlik inceleme kriterlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamayan markalar\u0131n marka siciline tescil talepleri, TPMK taraf\u0131ndan reddedilecek olup tescil talebi reddedilen marka sahipleri SMK 20.maddeye g\u00f6re itiraz ve dava haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabileceklerdir.[1]<\/p>\n

      Eri\u015fim tarihi: 30.07.2021<\/p>\n

      https:\/\/www.turkpatent.gov.tr\/TURKPATENT\/allAnouncement\/anouncementDetail?newsId=1134<\/a>[2]<\/p>\n

      Eri\u015fim tarihi: 30.07.2021.<\/p>\n

      https:\/\/lib.kazanci.com.tr\/kho3\/ibb\/files\/dsp.php?fn=11hd-2020-1667.htm&kw=`E.+`2020\/1667`+K.+2021\/1538`&cr=yargitay#fm<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":26894,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[113,97],"class_list":["post-10270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yayinlar","tag-fikri-mulkiyet","tag-uyusmazlik-cozumu"],"yoast_head":"\nMarkalar\u0131n Benzerlik \u0130ncelemesi Kriterleri: Fikri M\u00fclkiyet Hukuku<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00fcrk Patent ve Marka Kurumu (T\u00dcRKPATENT) ve yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde markalar\u0131n benzerlik incelemesi ve tescil kriterleri hakk\u0131nda hukuki rehber.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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